农村居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病危险因素分析

Study on the prevalence rate and risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in rural community population

目的了解湖北省南部地区农村居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病（Chronic obstructive pul monary disease,COPD）患病率及危险因素,为防治慢性阻塞性肺疾病提供科学依据。方法采用统一的流行病学调查表,以多阶段抽样方法,抽取湖北省南部地区农村居民1883人进行调查,并进行体检和肺功能检测,对慢性阻塞性肺疾病的危险因素进行单因素和多因素Logistic分析。结果共检出慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者186例,总患病率为9.88%,其中男性为13.68%,女性6.46%,男性高于女性（χ^2=27.48,P〈0.001）;随年龄增高患病率逐渐上升（χ^2=79.22,P〈0.001）。多因素分析表明,性别（OR=1.3010,95%CI=1.0408～1.6260,P=0.021）、年龄（OR=1.8506,95%CI=1.0419～3.2870,P=0.036）、吸烟（OR=3.0118,95%CI=1.5523～5.8443,P=0.000）、做饭频率（OR=1.7651,95%CI=1.1036～2.8230,P=0.018）、家族史（OR=1.5278,95%CI=1.1507～2.0283,P=0.003）、14岁以前经常咳嗽（OR=2.8965,95%CI=1.1301～7.4238,P=0.026）为慢性阻塞性肺疾病的危险因素。结论湖北省南部农村慢性阻塞性肺疾病患病率较高,应针对危险因素采取综合干预措施降低发病率。

Objective To explore the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its risk factors in rural of Hubei province and to provide scientific evidence of prevention and treatment for the disease.Methods Using uniform scheme,procedures and questionnaire,a multistage survey for 1 883 people in rural area in southern part of Hubei province was performed,and physical examinations and lung function tests were conducted for every participant.Results In this survey,186 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease cases were identified with a overall prevalence of 9.88%.The prevalence for male was 13.38%,and the female was 6.46%,the prevalence was higher in male than in female（χ^2=27.48,P〈0.001）,and it was higher with the increasing age（χ^2=79.22,P〈0.001）.Factors associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were identified in one-way variance model as follows：sex,age,smoking,cooking times,using biomass fuels in house cooking,family history,frequent cough before age of 14,body index and decorating living room in the last five years.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that sex（OR=1.3010,95%CI=1.0408～1.6260,P=0.021）,age（OR=1.8506,95%CI=1.0419～3.2870,P=0.036）,smoking（OR=3.0118,95%CI=1.5523～5.8443,P=0.000）,cooking times（OR=1.7651,95%CI= 1.1036～2.8230,P=0.018）,family history（OR=1.5278,95%CI=1.1507～2.0283,P=0.003）,frequent cough before age of 14（OR=2.8965,95%CI=1.1301～7.4238,P=0.026）were risk factors.Conclusion The prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the southern part of Hubei province was higher.Some comprehensive intervention measures should be taken against the risk factors of the disease.