植被恢复模式对黑土贮水性能及水分入渗特征的影响

Study on Soil Water-Holding Capability and Permeability of Black Soil under Vegetation Restoration

采用双环法对黑龙江省克山农场5种主要的人工林植被类型（水曲柳林、樟子松林、落叶松林、美青杨林和水曲柳落叶松混交林）土壤的贮水性能和渗透特征进行了对比研究。研究结果表明：所研究的5种林地土壤1m土层范围内饱和贮水量在5347．01～5762．91t／hm^2之间，水曲柳和落叶松林地最大，其它3种林地间则差异较小；滞留贮水量在543．43～916．13t／hm^2之间，从大到小的顺序依次为落叶松林〉水落混交林〉美青杨林〉水曲柳林〉樟子松林；初渗速率的变化范围为14～33mm／min，水落混交林最高，依次分别为落叶松林、美青杨林、水曲柳林、樟子松林；稳渗速率在1～8mm／min之间；30min累计人渗量水落混交林和美青杨树林地要远高于其它林地，水曲柳和落叶松林地次之，樟子松林地最小。采用的4种人渗模型都能较好地反映各种林分土壤的人渗过程，平均相关系数r在0．9272～0．9536之间，而考斯加可夫模型和Philip模型的拟合值更接近于实测值，更适用于描述本研究区森林植被下的土壤人渗特征。

Method of double-rings was employed for the characterization of soil water storage capacity and permeability of five main types of artificial forest （Fraxinus rnandshurlca,Pinus sylvestris var. rnongolica, Larix olgensis, Populus nigra var. italica X P. cathayan, mixed forest of Fraxinus rnandshurica and Larix olgensis） on Keshan farm, Heilongjiang province. The results showed that the water storage capacity were 5 347.01 5 762.91 t/hm^2 with in 1 meter soil depth of the five forests. The forests of Fraxinus rnandshurica and Larix olgensis are the highest, and the other three forests had minor variation. The non-capillary water capacity were from 543.43 to 916.13 t/hm^2, and the capacity sequence was Larix olgensis 〉 mixed forest 〉 Populus Fraxinus rnandshurica 〉 Pinus sylvestris var. mongolia. The soil initial permeability was 14- 33 mm/min, the mixed forest had the highest velocity and followed by Larix olgensis, Populus, Fraxinus mandshurica, Pinus sylvestris var. rnongolica. Solid permeability rate were 1-8 mm/min. The accumulative penetration amount within 30 rain of the mixed forest and the Populus nigra var. italica × P. cathayan forest were much higher than the other types of forest land, and the Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest had the smallest amount. The four models mentioned above can reflect the soil permeability of various types of forest land, and their mean regression coeffi cient is from 0. 927 2 to 0. 953 6. Whereas the Костяков model and the Philip model were more suitable to describe the soil permeability characters because the fitted values from the two models are more close to the measured val ues.