北京百花山森林枯落物层和土壤层水文效应研究

Hydrological Effects of Forest Litters and Soil in Baihua Mountain

对百花山4种林分枯落物层和土壤层的水文效应进行了初步研究。结果表明:1核桃楸林枯落物的总蓄积量为9.99 t/hm2,最大持水量为27.72 t/hm2,有效拦蓄量为29.55 t/hm2;华北落叶松林枯落物的总蓄积量为10.27 t/hm2,最大持水量为12.84 t/hm2,有效拦蓄量为13.53 t/hm2;黑桦林枯落物的总蓄积量为7.04 t/hm2,最大持水量为19.01 t/hm2,有效拦蓄量为19.18 t/hm2;辽东栎林枯落物的总蓄积量为8.22 t/hm2,最大持水量为14.72 t/hm2,有效拦蓄量为18.33 t/hm2。2半分解层枯落物浸泡8 h已基本达到饱和,而未分解层10 h基本达到饱和,持水量与浸泡时间的关系为Q=aln(t)+b;枯落物在浸水的前半小时内吸水速率最大,4 h左右时下降速度明显减缓,枯落物吸水速率与浸泡时间的关系为V=ktn。3辽东栎林土壤层持水能力最强,为266.22 t/hm2,黑桦林土壤的持水能力最差,为219.39 t/hm2,利用幂函数对入渗速率与入渗时间进行拟合,其相关系数均在0.98以上。

A pilot study of hydrological effects of litters layer and soil layer was carried out in four kinds of forest stands in Baihua mountain. The result shows ： （1） The litter total storage capacity of Juglanus rnandshurica is 9- 99 t/hm^2, the maximum water capacity is 27.72 t/hm^2, the modified interception amount is 29.55 t/hm^2; the litter total storage capacity of Larix principis-rupprechtii is 10. 27 t/hm^2, the maximum water capacity is 12.84 t/hm^2, the modified interception amount is 13.53 t/hm^2- the litter total storage capacity of Betula dahurica is 7.04 t/ hm^2, the maximum water capacity is 19.01 t/hm^2, the modified interception amount is 19.18 t/hm^2; the litter total storage capacity of Quercus liaotungensis is 8.22 t/hm^2, the maximum water capacity is 14.72 t/hm^2, the modified interception amount is 18. 33 t/hm^2. （2） Semi-decomposition litter reached saturation in 8 h, and without decomposition litter in 10 h, the relationship of water holding capacity and soaking time is Q = a In（t） ＋ b; in first half-hour, the absorption rate is the largest, the rate was obviously slowed down after 4 h, the relationship of absorption rate and immersion time is V = kt^n. （3） The soil water-holding capacity of Quercus liaotungensis is the strongest to 266.22 t/hm^2, and Betula dahurica was the worst to 219.39 t/hm^2, using power function of infiltration rate and infiltration fitting time, the correlation coefficient was 0. 98 above.