不同类型森林水库调水特性研究

Properties of Forest Reservoir Regulation in Different Forest Types

以福建闽江上游裸露地为对照,封山育林、杉木和木荷林分为研究对象,分别采用水量平衡法与混合数量化模型对森林水库的调节水总量动态变化及其影响因素进行研究,以期加深对森林水库调水机理的认识。结果表明:木荷、杉木、封山育林林分及对照森林水库2个水文年中调节水总量分别为3 106.27,3 090.41,3 074.05,1 935.29 mm,分别占同期降雨量的97.71%,97.21%,96.70%,60.88%。雨季不同类型森林水库调节水总量均占年内森林水库调节水总量的48%左右,而旱季调节水总量则仅占18%左右。降雨量、I30和林分类型对森林水库调节水总量的贡献率较高,其中降雨量与森林水库调节水总量呈正相关,影响最大,I30与森林水库调节水总量呈负相关,林分类型因子得分值为木荷(9.293)>杉木(8.466)>封山育林(6.545)>对照(0)。

The study about dynamics change and affection factors of forest reservoir total regulating water content in different forest types, was carried out using water-balance method and mixed quantified model respectively, in order to grasp the mechanism of forest reservoir on storing and regulating run-off. Bare land is taken as CK and enclosing ＆ tending land, Cunninghamia lanceolata and Schirna superba as study objects in Minjiang river upper reaches of Fujian. It was indicated that two years total regulating water content of forest reservoir in Schirna superba, Cunningharnia lanceolata, enclosing ＆ tending forest and the control was 3 106.27,3 090.41,3 074.05, 1 935.29 mm, being 97.71%, 97.21%, 96. 70 % and 60. 88 % of total precipitation respectively. In rainy season, total regulating water content occupied about 48 % of the total in two year, while only 18% in droughty season. Precipitation, I30 and forest type had great influence on total regulating water content of forest reservoir. Among these factors, precipitation had positive relationship with total regulating water content and affected it most significantly. Whereas I30 correlated total regulating water content negatively. The significance value of forest types were 9. 293 （ Schirna superba） 〉8. 466 （Cunninghamia lanceolata） 〉 6. 545 （enclosing and tending forest）〉0 （CK）.