华西雨屏区人工竹林凋落物及表层土壤的水源涵养功能研究

Study on Water Conservation Function of Litter and Surface Soil of Different Bamboo Plantations in Rainy Area of West China

以华西雨屏区退耕还林后形成的人工竹林（慈竹林、苦竹林、撑绿杂交竹林、苦竹＋光皮桦混交林）为对象，对其凋落物及表层土壤的水源涵养功能进行了初步研究。结果表明：几种竹林凋落物蓄积量的大小顺序是：撑绿杂交竹林〉混交林〉苦竹林〉慈竹林，且都大于光皮桦林。叶凋落物持水量的大小关系为：慈竹林〉混交林〉苦竹林〉杂交竹林，光皮桦林的持水量介于慈竹林和混交林之间。几种叶凋落物持水量与浸泡时间的关系符合指数函数的模型、持水速率与浸泡时间的关系符合幂函数的模型。不同林地的表层土壤容重在1．27～1．34g／cm^3之间，总孔隙度48．08％～55．96％，不同林地表层土壤的水分物理性质差异不大。

An experiment was conducted to study the water conservation function of litter and surface layer soil of plantations （Pleioblastus plantation, Bambusa pervariabilis × Dendrocala mopsis plantation, Neosinocalamus a f finis plantation and Pleioblastus ＋ Betula luminifera plantation） in rainy area of West China. The results were as follows： the amount of litter layer is Bambusa pervariabilis × Dendrocala mopsis plantation 2〉 Pleioblastus ＋ Betula lumini f era plantation 2〉 Pleioblastus plantation 2〉 Neosinocalamus a f finis plantation 2〉 Betula lumini f era plantation. The water-holding capacity of leaf litter is Neosinocalamus a f finis plantation2〉 Betula luminifera plantation 2〉 Pleioblastus ＋ Betula lumini f era plantation 2〉 Pleioblastus plantation 2〉 Bambusa pervariabilis × Dendrocala rnopsis plantation. The model between the water-holding capacity of the leaf litter and the immerse time accords with exponential function. The model between the water absorption speed of the leaf litter and the immerse time accords with power function. Soil bulk density and soil total porosity of surface soil of different stands range from 1.27- 1.34 g/cm^3 and 48.08 % - 55.96 %, respectively. The surface soil water-physical properties among various plantations are not significantly difference.