浙江省商品竹林土壤有机农药污染评价

Assessment of organic pesticides pollution of commercial bamboo forest soils in Zhejiang Province

选取浙江省主要产竹区4县(市)商品竹林27个样地,对土壤主要有机农药残留进行检测分析。结果表明:残留的有机农药种类为有机氯(organochlorine pesticides,OCP)、有机磷(organophosphorus pesticides,OPP)和拟除虫菊农药(pyrethroid,PY),未检测出氨基甲酸酯类农药残留。有机氯农药残留种类为HCH、DDT、百菌清、五氯硝基苯、三氯杀螨醇,其中,HCH、DDT检出率分别为100%和70.37%。有机磷农药残留种类为甲基对硫磷、对硫磷、甲胺磷和乐果,其中,甲基对硫磷检出率96.30%。拟除虫菊酯类农药残留种类为氯氰菊酯、顺-氰戊菊酯,检出率分别为18.52%和62.90%;顺-氰戊菊酯残留量达1227.14μg.kg-1,其他种类农药残留量低于150μg.kg-1;这说明,试验取样区商品竹林土壤普遍存在有机农药污染:有机氯、有机磷残留量较低,拟除虫菊酯类农药残留较高。竹林经营类型、经营水平、土地利用方式对竹林土壤有机农药残留有一定的影响,集约经营竹林显著高于粗放经营竹林,笋用竹林较毛竹笋材两用林高,山地竹林较原农业耕作地改种为竹林的低。

Twenty-seven plots of commercial bamboo forest in 4 counties of Zhejiang Province were chosen, and soil samples were collected to investigate the residual of organic pesticides. Organochlorine pesticides including HCH, DDT, chlorothalonil, pentachlornitrobenzene and dicofol, organophosphorus pesticides including parathion, parathion-methyl, methamidaphos and dimethoate, and pyrethroid including cypermethrin and esfenvalerate were detected. The detection rate of HCH, DDT, parathion-methyl, cypermethrin and esfenvalerate was 100% , 70. 37%, 96. 30%, 18.52% and 62.90%, respectively. The concentrations of test organic pesticides were below 150 μg·kg^-1, except esfenvalerate with the concentration of 1 227. 14 μg·kg^-1. All the detections suggested that in the commercial bamboo forest soils in Zhejiang, organic pesticides pollution was ubiquitous, and the residual of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides was lower than that of pyrethroid. In addition, the management type and level of bamboo forests and the ways of land-use affected the organic pesticides pollution in some extent. The residual of the pesticides was higher in the soils under intensive management bamboo forests, shoot-used bamboo forests, and bamboo forests converted from cropland than in those under extensive management bamboo forests, PhyUostachys pubescens shoot-timber-used forests, and bamboo forests established on mountains, respectively.