降水变化对不同下垫面的水土流失之分异影响

Influences of Precipitation Change on Soil Erosion Distribution Under Different Underlying Surface Conditions

降水是产生土壤侵蚀的主要原动力。以豫西土石山区的汝阳县和黄土丘陵区的嵩县为例,通过对实测的雨强、坡度等水土流失因子的观测和研究,初步探讨了降水变化对不同下垫面(梯田、林地、坡耕地、荒坡)造成的水土流失之分异影响,并推求出组合方程式表达其影响规律。结果表明,荒坡和坡耕地的蓄水作用最差,梯田和林地的蓄水功效则较高。在小流域治理过程中,应当把梯田、林地以及配套的沟道整治工程等作为重要的雨水存贮措施。

Precipitation is the main driving force to induce soil erosion. By taking Ruyang County in the earthrocky mountainous area and Song County in the loess hill area as examples, the influences of the change of precipitation on soil erosion distribution under different underlying surface conditions （terrace, forest land, slope cultivated land, and abandoned slope） were studied. Soil erosion factors, such as rainfall intensity and slope, were observed and analyzed. A combined equation was derived to express the influence. Results showed that the water storage capacity of abandoned slope and slope cultivated land was lower and the water storage capacity of terrace and forest land was higher. So, terrace and forest land, as well as the supplementary gully management engineerings, should be adopted as the important measures of rainfall water storage through full argumentation.