西北地区水土保持投资及其对农村经济的影响分析

Investment in Soil and Water Conservation and Its Impacts on Rural Economy in Northwest China

西北地区是我国水土流失最严重的一个地区,也是我国贫困人口的集中分布区。国家对西北地区水土流失治理安排了一系列工程项目,投入了大量的资金,促进了农村经济发展与农民脱贫致富。依据1986—2005期间的统计与调查资料,对该区水土保持投资来源、使用方向与效果,以及对农村经济发展的影响进行了初步分析。(1)该区水土保持投资总体呈上升趋势,政府对该区水土保持累计投资5.50×109元,群众投劳折资1.09×1010元;(2)水土保持投资主要用于造林、种草与基本农田建设等,投入经济林建设资金由8.2%上升到20.1%,由粮食为主的单一结构转变为粮、果、林、草的多元结构。(3)新增水土保持措施累计增加农业产值达7.02×1010元,农民人均年纯收入也随之增长了1894.2元。

Northwest China is one of the areas with the severest soil erosion and poverty in China. Chinese government has initiated a series of projects and invested large amounts of funds in soil erosion control in the region. Based on the investigation data from 1986 to 2005, sources and uses of the investment in soil and water conservation （SWC）, its impacts on rural industrial structure and poverty alleviation were analyzed. Results showed a significant increase of the investment in SWC. Chinese government invested more than ￥5.5 billion RMB and farmer investment accounted for 67 % of the total. The investment in SWC played an important role in improvements of ecological environment and economic conditions. The area of fruit tree increased very quickly and the percentage of fruit tree increased from 8. 2% to 20. 1%. SWC measures greatly improved regional economic conditions. The total agricultural value from SWC increased ￥70. 2 billion RMB and the net income per peasant increased ￥1 894.2 RMB.