沈阳地区大型真菌对不同种类线虫的毒力

Nematicidal Activity to Different Nematodes of Basidiomycetes from Shenyang

从沈阳市东部山区及沈阳农业大学周边环境采集到94种野生大型真菌,并将采集到的大型真菌制成浸提液,以胞囊线虫、根结线虫、腐烂茎线虫、水稻干尖线虫和小杆线虫为靶标,初步测定了大型野生真菌对5种不同种类线虫的活性作用。研究结果表明,不同菌株对不同种类线虫毒力作用具有选择性差异。对其中一种线虫的校正死亡率达到70%以上的有12种大型野生真菌,有7株菌对两种以上线虫校正死亡率达到70%。菌株F70对南方根结线虫毒杀作用最高为84.13%,菌株F92对大豆胞囊线虫毒杀作用最高为95.84%,具有选择毒性,菌株F25对腐烂茎线虫毒杀作用最高为75.91%,菌株F81对小杆线虫毒杀作用最高为75.77%,而对其他植物线虫活性差,菌株F6对水稻干尖线虫毒杀作用最高为81.82%。初步鉴定有效菌株F92为鬼伞属,F70为香菇属,F6为伞菌属,F25为伞菌属和F81为侧耳属。

The 94 kinds wild macro-fungi of Basidiomycetes were collected from the east of Shenyang around mountains and Shenyang Agricultural University, China. The nematicidal activity of extraction for the fungi were tested with 5 speceies of nematode, including Heterodera glycines, Meloidogyne incognita, Ditylenchus destructor, Aphelenchoides basseyi and Caenarhabditis sp.. The results indicate the different macro-fungus exist different virulence to different nematodes. The best strain is FT0 which nematicidal activity is 84.13% against to M. incognita, F92 is 95.84% to H. glycines, F25 is 75.91% to D. destructor, F81 is 75.77% to Caenarhabditis sp., and F6 is 81.82% to A. besseyi. The identification show that effective strains are from Lentinus（FTO）, Coprinus（F92）, Agaricus（F6 and F25） and Pleurotus（F81）.