异体肌腱移植术后粘连原因分析

ANALYSIS OF REASONS OF TENDON ADHESION POST TENDON ALLOGRAFT

目的通过对异体肌腱移植术后粘连的回顾性分析,探讨影响肌腱粘连的因素。方法1990年5月-2000年6月,行异体肌腱移植手术85例因肌腱粘连行二期肌腱松解术。男76例,女9例;年龄8～46岁,平均24.5岁。机器绞伤、碾压伤38例,电烧伤32例,切割伤4例,爆炸伤4例,肢体离断伤7例。屈肌腱缺损66例,伸肌腱缺损19例。单指肌腱缺损6例,两指以上79例。缺损范围为Ⅰ～Ⅴ区。术前关节总活动度<220°者73例。合并皮肤缺损者以皮瓣修复创面,骨折行内固定,骨缺损行髂骨移植,血管、神经及肌肉损伤行一期修复。结果85例异体肌腱移植术后主动活动度小于被动活动度50%以上,于移植术后4～15个月行二期肌腱松解术,平均8.8个月。松解后第2天开始主动手指屈伸活动,并配合支具牵引进行功能锻炼。松解术后患者均获7～17年随访,平均12.7年。患者关节主动活动度与被动活动度一致,平均关节总活动度为200°。结论患者受伤的严重程度是影响肌腱愈合和粘连的主要因素,改进异体肌腱的选材和处理方法,以及制订安全有效的早期功能锻炼方案可减轻术后粘连。

Objective To explore the reasons of tendon adhesions post tendon all 1990 to June 2000, 85 cases receiving tendon allograft were given tenolysis because of tendon adhesions. There were 76 males and 9 females, with an average age of 24.5 years （8-46 years）. Injury was caused by machine in 38 cases, electric in 32 cases, cut in 4 cases, explosion in 4 cases and extremity mutilation in 7 cases; including 66 cases of flexor tendon deficit and 19 cases of extensor tendon deficit. Six cases had 1 tendon deficit, 79 cases had tendon deficit of more than 2. The defect region ranged from I to V. The total mobility of the joint was less than 220° in 73 cases. The impairment of skin, bone, nerve and vascular were treated before tendon allograft. Results Because TAM was less than 50% of TPM, the patients were given tenolysis 4-15 months after operation. And the mobilization began at the first day after operation to improve the range Of active movement. Patients were followed up 7-17 years （mean 12.7 years）. TAM and TPM were in accord. Mean total mobility of joint was 200°. Conclusion The serious of primary hurt is the important factors of tendon adhesion. Improvement of tendon selected, treatment and early mobilization can relieve the tendon adhesion.