浅谈现代农业节水新概念——可持续节水

Discussion on New Concept of Modern Agricultural Water-saving-Sustainable Water-saving

首先综合分析了近50年来新疆的农业水土开发与节水灌溉状况。纵观50年来新疆的农业灌溉,历经了普遍采用的地面灌溉方式以及喷灌、滴灌等高新节水灌溉方式。上述灌溉方式,前者通过渠道防渗的工程节水模式难以实现节水增产,且在某种程度上剥夺了生态用水量;后者注重作物生长机理的农艺节水模式可以实现节水增产,但是从另一方面看却无法改良土壤,甚至还会导致土壤盐渍化加剧。因此,不管是工程节水还是农艺节水,均应重新考虑其节水的可持续性,能否合理配置整个流域的水资源,能否实现整个流域水土资源的可持续利用。怎样才能实现整个流域水土资源的可持续利用?提出了有别于"真实节水"的现代农业节水新概念———可持续节水。

The situation of agricultural water-land exploitation and water-saving irrigation in Xiniiang in past 50 years was synthetically analyzed in this paper. The irrigation modes, which had been applied in Xinjiang in past 50 years, included surface irrigation and other water-saving technology, such as sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation. In the two above-mentioned irrigation modes, the former, which is engineering water-saving mode and usually applies the canal anti-seepage technique, is difficult to realize the effect of water-saving and increasing production. Moreover, it deprives the ecological water quantity in some degree. The latter, which is agronomic water-saving mode and often lays emphasis on crop growth mechanism, can realize the effect of water-saving and increasing production. However, on the other hand, it can not improve the soil, on the contrary, it even possible aggravate soil salinization. Therefore, both engineering water-saving and agronomic water-saving should reconsider the sustainability of water-saving. For example, whether it can realize the reasonable allocation of water resources in the whole watershed？ Whether it can realize the sustainable utilization of water resources in the whole watershed？ A new concept of modern agricultural water-saving-Sustainable Water-saving, which is different from the concept of real water-saving, was put forward in this paper.