中古后期法国宗教政策与王权危机

Religious Policies and Monarchical Power Crisis in the Later Mediaeval France

中古后期(16世纪—17世纪末)法国王权处于危机时刻仍能发挥"中枢"作用,主要依靠了宗教政策和司法权威两大柱石。国王通过多次颁布宗教宽容敕令,强调其政治中心地位;通过国王的司法权威维护王室的特权;此外,作为王国的统治者及其辅政大臣在关键时期也发挥了重要作用。纵观中古后期法国政治历程,可以看出法国历代君主的宗教政策是仅以加强王权为核心,以宗教宽容为手段,以宗教一体化为目标,宽容政策是其缓兵之计,而结束宗教宽容政策导致了法国经济的急剧下降,其后果令人深思。

The French royalty, being in crisis in the later stage of mediaeval times could still function as a ＂power centre＂. It was mainly due to its dependence on the two ＂pillars＂ of religious policy and judicial authority. The kings had strengthened their position as political center by decreeing edicts on religious toleration many a time, and had maintained royal privilege by judicial authority. Furthermore, the kings, as rulers of the kingdom, and the ministers had also played an important role at the critical moments. By viewing French political process, it can be seen that the religious policies in France were focused on strengthening the power of the throne by means of religious tolerance while being aimed at religious unilication. Religious tolerance was merely stalling tactics. However, ending religious tolerance resulted in a rapid decline of France＇s economy, which is a thought-provoking act.