青海省黄南藏族自治州四区县4～17岁人群先天性心脏病的流行病学调查

Epidemeoilogical survey of congeritel heart disease among people aged from 4 to 17 in Huangnan Nationality Autonomous Prefecture Qinghai province

目的调查青海省黄南藏族自治州4县4～17岁少年儿童先天性心脏病流行病学特征,以及时发现、诊断先天性心脏病,使确诊患者得到早期治疗。方法对33235名少年儿童按初筛、复筛、彩超多普勒确定三个阶段进行调查。分析病种分布,比较性别及各民族之间的患病差异。结果检出先心病222例,总患病率为6.67‰。女性患病率明显高于男性(x2=18.55,P<0.01)。不同县别之间发病率差异有统计学意义,其中河南县发病率最高,为12.40‰,尖扎4.49‰,同仁6.39‰,泽库6.10‰(x2=30.10,P<0.01),不同民族间患病率差异无统计学意义。CHD的类型前三位分别是房缺41.44%,动脉导管未闭30.63%,室间隔缺损22.07%。结论青海省黄南藏族自治州的CHD以房间隔缺损为主。女性患病率明显高于男性。各民族之间患病率差异无统计学意义。

Objective The Epidemeoilogical characteristics of congeritel heart disease（CHD ） in children whose age ranged from 4 to 17 was investigated in Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai province to find and diagnose and then treat it in time. Methods 33 235 children were surveyed with the following 3 steps： prescreening, countercheck and diagnose with color Doppler at last,and then analyse the Entity distribution and meanwhile compare the sicken difference by nationality and gander respectively. Results 222 CHD cases were found out. Total morbidity is 6.67‰. Morbidity of female is significant higher than the one of male （χ^2=18.55 ,P〈 0.01 ）. There is a statistic difference among every country in which the highest morbidity is Henan （12.40‰）, Jianzha,Tongren,Zeku is followed by 4.49‰,6.39‰ and 6.10‰（χ^2=30.10,P〈0.01 ）. There is no significant difference among different nationality＇s morbidity. The artial septal defect（ASD ）, patent ductus arteriosus（PDA ） and ventficular septal defect （VSD） ranked as the No.l,No.2 and No.3 by 41.44%,30.63%,22.07% respectively, on the type of CHD. Conclusion ASD is the main type of CHD in Huangnan autonomous prefecture of Qinghai province. Morbidity in gander is different but not in nationality.