空调隔尘网粉螨、真菌、细菌污染状况调查

Investigation in the Pathogens on the Surface of Dust Filters in Air-conditioning

[目的]了解空调隔尘网病原生物污染状况。[方法]对360份采自学校、饭店、娱乐场所、医院病房空调隔尘网表面的积尘样本,用直接镜检法分离、鉴定粉螨,并用普通营养琼脂培养,乳酸酚棉蓝染色法鉴定菌种。结果][360份积尘样本中,粉螨孳生率为72.78%(262/360),孳生密度为(7.68±3.44)只/g;学校、饭店、娱乐场所、医院病房空调隔尘网表面粉螨的孳生率分别为44.57%(41/92)、78.57%(88/112)、88.57%(62/70)和82.56%(71/86),差异有统计学意义(χ2=279.71,P<0.001);粉螨孳生密度分别为(2.59±0.64)、(7.59±1.76)、(10.22±3.37)、(8.52±2.91)只/g,差异有统计学意义(F=82.94,P<0.001);360份积尘样本直接镜检获螨2012只,隶属3科9属12种,其中麦食螨科占65.90%(1326/2012);食甜螨科占12.82(258/2012);粉螨科占21.27%(428/2012)。另外,共采集1800份标本,真菌阳生率53.61%(965/1800),学校、饭店、娱乐场所、医院病房分别为36.09%、73.93%、77.14%和26.74%(χ2=352.49,P<0.001),共检出真菌22种;细菌阳性率35.67%(642/1800),学校、饭店、娱乐场所、医院病房分别为29.35%、45.36%、48.00%、19.77%(χ2=101.50,P<0.001),共检出细菌13种。[结论]空调隔尘网表面病原生物污染严重,空调使用者应重视对空调器的清洁与净化,防止或减少粉螨的孳生及微生物的污染。

[ Objective ] To investigate the comtamination situations of air-conditioning. [ Mehtods ] Dust samples on the surfaces of filters in air-conditioner were collected from schools, restaurants, entertainment facilities and hospitals. The acarid mites were removed and identified by direct microscopy and the bacteria and fungi were cuhrued and identified. [ Results ] The detected rate of acarid mites in 360 samples was 72.78% （ 262/360 ）, and the breeding density was （ 7.68 ± 3.44 ） mites/g. The detected rates of acarid mites in samples collected from schools, restaurants, entertainment facilities and hospitals were 44.57% （41/92）, 78.57% （ 88/112 ）, 88.57%（ 62/70 ）and 82.56%（ 71/86 ）respectively, there was significant difference between them（z2=279.71, P〈0.001 ）; The breeding densities of acarid mites in samples collected from the sites as above were（ 2.59 ± 0.64 ）mites/g, （ 7.59 ± 1.76 ）mites/g, （ 10.22 ± 3.37 ） mites/g, （ 8.52 ± 2.91 ） mites/g respectively, statistical difference between them was found （ F=82.94, P〈0.001 ）. A total of 2 012 acarid mites were acquired, and they are subjected to 3 families, 9 genera, 12 species. Of them, the percentage of Pycoglyphidae cunliffe was 65.90%（ 1326/2012 ）; and the percentage of Glyeyphagidae berlese was 12.82%（ 258/2012 ）; and that of Acaridae was 21.27%（ 428/2012 ）. In addition , the positive rate of fungi was 53.61%（ 965/1800 ）, and the detected rates of fungi in samples collected from schools, restaurants, entertainment facilities and hospitals were 36.09%, 73.93%, 77.14% and 26.74% respectively, there was significant difference between them（X^2=352.49, P〈0.001 ）, the found fungi are subjected to 22 species. The positive rate of bacteria was 35.67% （ 642/1800 ）among 1 800 samples from 360 air-conditionings, and the detectable rates of bacteria in samples collected from schools, restaurants, entertainment facilities and hospital were 29.35%, 45.36%, 48.00% and 19.77% respectively, there was significant difference between them （X^2=101.50, P〈0.001 ）, the found bacteria are subjected to 13 species. [ Conclusion ] The contaminated situations are serious on the surfaces of filters in air-conditionings and might be harmful to the people＇ s health.