企业国际化的影响因素：一个文献述评

Influence factors to firm internationalization:A literature summary

在全球经济一体化背景下,越来越多的企业从封闭环境走向开放市场,相关理论与实证研究也层出不穷。特别在过去十年间,企业国际化已经成为关注的焦点。其中,企业国际化阶段论和国际新冒险企业理论最具代表性。对此,文章梳理了企业国际化影响因素研究的进展,并从六个视角来观察现有文献对企业国际化影响因素的研究,即:外部商业环境与国际化时机,企业家对国际商机的认识,国际化开始时的资源要求,心理距离与国际化步骤,国际化企业的竞争战略以及国际化时间与企业绩效。

A wide range of factors has been identified for explaining firm internationalization. Empirically, various factors which may affect the internationalization process have been applied to case-or survey-based studies. On the other hand, most of these influences are covered in to either the theory of international new ventures（INV） or the traditional process theory of intemationalization（PTI）. Therefore, our literature review focuses on these two theories. Afar hackling the evolution course of research on the influence factor of firm internationalization, we assess the main theoretical propositions of the PTI and INV theory, based on the following the six completely new aspects： external conditions for early internationalization, entrepreneurial cognition of international business opportunities, resource requirement when internationalization is initiated, psychic distance and selection of foreign markets and entry modes, competitive strategies of firms, and the relationship between the timing of internationalization and firm performance. The authors believe that these are the main issues of firm internationalization.