社区老年人群纯音听阈测试结果分析

The analysis on the measurement results of pure-tone audiometry of the aged population in the community

目的获得社区老年人群纯音听阈的正常值,为选取敏感频率测试老年人听阈提供参考依据。方法采用整群随机抽样方法,选取60岁以上社区老年人845例,按平均听阈(0.5、1、2和4kHz听阈平均值)≤40dB HL为正常或轻微损失,筛选205人,按60～65岁、66～70岁、71～75岁和76岁以上分组,计算各年龄组在0.5、1、2、3、4和8kHz的听阈及听阈检出率,采用SPSS13.0软件进行X2检验和方差分析。结果听力正常老年人群不同年龄组听阈值存在显著差异(P<0.01),随着年龄增长,听阈值呈增高趋势;不同频率听力测试显示不同频率组听阈值存在显著差异(P<0.01),各年龄组的听阈随频率的增高而增高,随频率、年龄增高,听阈检出率呈下降趋势。结论高频较低频测听能够早诊断老年人听力损失,可作为检测老年人早期听力损失的客观手段。

Objective To establish norms of pure-tone audiometry at different frequencies for geriatric population and the data can be used to measure the hearing thresholds of the aged people. Methods 845 subjects above 60 years old were randomly selected from Chaoyang and Guandi communities in Taiyuan. 205 subjects met the criteria that their hearing thresholds were below 40 dB HL as an average of 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz. All the subjects were divided into four age groups： 60--65, 66--70, 71 --75 and 76 or older. The hearing thresholds and the detection rates of each group were examined at 0.5, 1,2, 3, 4 and 8 kHz. X2 test and ANOVA were utilized for statistical analysis. Results The hearing thresholds of the elderly with normal hearing tended to increase with ages （P〈0.01）. The hearing thresholds of each group increased with increasing frequency （P〈0.01）.However, the detection rates for hearing thresholds decreased with increasing frequency and age. Conclusion High frequency hearing examination is more sensitive to hearing impairment for the seniors.