证据理论革命与司法鉴定——以刑事证据为视角

Evidence Theory Revolution and Forensic Expertise—In the Angle of Criminal Evidence

证据是蕴涵了案件信息的物质载体。证据分为两类,即人证和物证。证据是证据形式和证据内容的统一。证据的形式是稳定的,可以作为识别标志;证据的内容是变化的,不宜作为识别的标志,故证据种类应以证据形式来划分。经过法庭审查采信的案件信息是证明案件事实的根据。绝大部分物证都需要通过司法鉴定来提炼出证据中的案件信息。

Evidence is the substantial carrier containing case information. Evidence can be classified into two categories, one is the witness evidence, and the other is the physical evidence. Evidence is the integration of external formation and internal meanings. The evidence formation is stable and can be used for the identifying symbol, while the evidence meaning is variable and not suitable for the identifying symbol. Therefore. the type of evidence should be distinguished by the evidence formation. Case information that is reviewed and accepted by courts is the basis attesting case facts. Most physical evidence needs to be authenticated through forensic expertise in order to extract case information,