数字近景摄影测量技术在矿山地表沉陷监测中的应用研究

Research on Subsidence Monitoring of Mine Surface Using Digital Close-range Photogrammetric Technique

为了解决传统的矿山地表沉陷监测方法存在的劳动强度大、不能实时观测、难以获得瞬时3维移动变形信息等缺陷,提出了一种利用基于非量测数相机的数字近景摄影测量技术进行塌陷区沉陷监测的方法。该方法首先利用标定过的高分辨率数字相机获取塌陷区的数字立体影像像对;然后采用相对定向、影像匹配等摄影测量解析处理技术提取塌陷区地表的数字高程模型;最后通过与该区域开采前数字高程模型对比分析来完成塌陷区沉陷范围、深度、体积等沉陷参数计算。应用研究结果表明,数字近景摄影测量的测定精度基本可以满足这次应用条件下沉陷监测的精度要求。该方法为矿山地表塌陷区的沉陷监测提供了一条可行的途径。

Conventional geodetic monitoring methods have some disadvantages such as intense workload, difficulties of realizing real-time monitoring and acquiring instant 3D moving deformation information in subsidence areas of mine surface. In order to cope with the practical problem, we proposed a method using digital close-range photogrammetric technique to monitor subsidence areas. First, digital stereo pairs of mine surface were captured using high resolution digital camera. And then digital elevation model （DEM） was extracted by a series of photogrammetric reduction processes such as relative orientation, image matching etc. By comparing the constructed DEM with the original, the subsidence parameters such as subsidence range, depth and volume etc can be calculated. Practical research results indicated that the precision acquired by digital close-range photogrammetric technique can meet the accuracy requirement under this test condition. A feasible approach is provided for subsidence monitoring of mine surface.