三种脂溶性维生素的免疫调节作用及其研究进展

Progress in the study of immunoregulatory role of three liposoluble vitamins

维生素A、维生素D和维生素E是主要的三种脂溶性维生素，通常人们只认识到它们预防夜盲症、促进骨骼生长和抗衰老等一些营养保健作用，而对其刺激免疫细胞、调节细胞因子和增强免疫功能等方面的作用及其重要性却知之甚少。近年来研究表明：维生素A是T细胞生长、分化、激活过程中不可缺少的因子，其对体液免疫和细胞免疫都有明显的促进作用；维生素D[1，25（OH）2D3]是一种新的神经内分泌一免疫调节激素，对组织和细胞均有影响，主要对细胞免疫具有重要的调节作用；而维生素E则增强了免疫系统的功能，可以降低机体对传染病和肿瘤的易感性。临床上适量补充上述维生素有助于免疫功能恢复正常，可起到防病治病的作用。

The three major liposoluble vitamins, Vitamin A, vitamin D and vitmain E, known as nutritional medicines,can be used to prevent visus diurnus, to promot skeleton growth and to prevent aging. However, very little is known about their role in activating immunological cells, regulating the level of cytokines and enhancing immunological function. Recently,it was found that vitamin A was a necessary factor which can not only improve humoral immunity but also cellular immunity in the proliferation, differentiation and activation of T cells. Vitamin D [ 1,25 （OH）2 D3 ] is a new neuroendocrine immunoregulatory hormone which affects the function of cells and tissues. Its role in regulating cellular immunity is very important. Moreover,vitamin E can enhance the function of immune system and decrease the morbidity of infectious diseases and carcinoma. So,suitable supplement of vitamins will be beneficial to the recovery of immunological function and to the prevention of diseases.