评罗尔斯“交叠共识”之理想

Rawls's Ideal of the Overlapping Consensus

政治自由主义确立公共合理性对于终极真理的优先性,并非出于对终极真理的否认或漠视。恰好相反,政治自由主义不仅允许而且欢迎合理的综合学说对公共合理性作出一致于终极真理的解释:以悬置宗教的、形而上学的和道德的终极真理的方式出场的公共合理性,虽然禁止把自身解释成某种类型的终极真理,但却不反对各种综合学说按照自己的核心信仰或价值观进行这样的阐释。"作为公平的正义"要赢得各种综合学说的交叠共识,只能诉求于中立于任何综合学说但又蕴涵在各种人类思想、信仰和活动中的形式的"理性"概念,特别是两种意义上的理性在宪政民主的社会基本结构的公共语境中可望被所有公民共享和共同承担的出场方式和内容。

For political liberalism, establishing the priority of the public reasonableness over the ultimate truth needs not be based on ignoring or denying the latter. Quite contrarily, political liberalism not only permits but welcomes reasonable comprehensive doctrines to interpret the public reasonableness in accordance with the ultimate truth as they see. In other words, when presenting itself by suspending the religious, metaphysical and moral ultimate truth, the public reasonableness forbids interpreting itself as the ultimate truth but does not object to the fact that some comprehensive doctrines may make such interpretation according to their specific beliefs or conceptions of the good.