经济发展中的两种收入差别理论之区别——关于公有制“倒U”理论与库兹涅茨“倒U”假说的新比较

The Comparisons between the Public Ownership lnverted-U Theory and Kuznets Inverted-U Hypothesis

在收入分配领域,大家熟知库兹涅茨"倒U"假说,但是库兹涅茨对收入差别"倒U"曲线的论证主要是根据同资本主义私有经济相连的因素得出的。实际上。在公有制经济条件下,经济发展水平与收入差别的函数关系也是倒U型的。但受基本经济制度不同的制约。公有制收入差别倒U理论与私有制收入差别倒U理论有着本质的不同。最重要的区别在于影响倒U曲线的主要因素不同,甚至同一因素的影响方向截然相反。此外,曲线的形状和位置也不同:前者较高而且变化较大,后者较低且变动也比较平缓,在高度和具体形状上都有较大差异。由此可见,将公有经济收入分配"倒U"理论同私有经济收入分配"倒U"理论相混淆,将中国经济中的收入差别"倒U"趋势也作为库兹涅茨"倒U"曲线,实在是一种缺乏分析的误解。

About the relationship between the economic development and income inequality, the Kuznets inverted-U hypothesis is very influential. But Kuznets inverted-U hypothesis just describes the principle of the income inequality under the private-ownership economy. Under the public-ownership economy the change course of income inequality also show the inverted-U curve with economic development. But because of the different basic economic institutions and systems, there are some essential differences between the public ownership inverted-U hypothesis and Kuznets inverted-U hypothesis. And basically, the factors that influence inverted-U curves are different, even influential directions of the same factors are just opposite. In addition, the shapes and positions of the two inverted-U curves are different too.