论上博简《曹沫之陈》的性质——兼论先秦时期“语”文体的起源与发展

On the Nature of the Bamboo Slips"Cao Mo Zhi Chen"from Shanghai Museum——Be also in the Origins and Development of the Category of Discourse of Saying

上博简《曾沫之陈》内容丰富,性质较为特殊,或认为是古兵书,或认为是儒家的教材类短文。从全篇的内容看,《曹沫之陈》虽然经过传抄与修改,其底本成书时间还是很早的,它成书于鲁庄公生活的春秋前期,系鲁国史官的著述,不属于子书范围。从全篇的性质看,《曹沫之陈》系"语"类著作,是原始《鲁语》的一部分。由于其大部分内容是论述小国、弱国怎样转败为胜,而这种思想在《国语》成书的时代已经不具有普遍性和借鉴意义,故被《国语》的编纂者所舍弃。《曹沫之陈》既有鲁国史官记言的特征,也有后人整理的痕迹,它在学术史上应该处在"王官文化"向"诸子文化"转化的过渡阶段。它见证了先秦"语"这种文体发展演变的轨迹。

＂Cao Mo Zhi Chen＂ is the longest text in Shanghai bamboo silk slips volume 4. About the character and the nature, experts have two viewpoints that belong to the military theory or the study of Confucianist. Analyzes this article, we may see, although it had been made some revision in circulation, this article finished very early. It finished in the earlier stage of Spring and Autumn Period, speak concretely, on the reign of Duke Zhuang of Lu. Its Copyright should belong to the official historian. We can speak certainly that ＂Cao Mo Zhi Chen＂ was the documents of the category of discourse of saying, It was the part of Primitive＂Luyu（《鲁语》）＇. we can see the origins and development of the category of discourse of saying from it, which was very popular among pro-Qin dynasty period.