土地资本化的制度障碍与改革路径

Institutional Obstacles and Reform Path of Land Capitalization

农村土地资本化是提高农民财产性收入和农业规模经营效率,建立农民长效增收机制的关键性制度创新。农地产权主体虚置、严厉的农地用途管制导致的农民土地发展权缺失、现行法律对农民土地权益性融资实现再生产扩大和收入流增加的可能性加以限制,是实行农村土地资本化的三大障碍。因此,在统筹城乡的综合配套改革中,做实农村集体土地产权,以土地发展权的贴现来分摊土地用途管制的成本,大胆尝试农地使用权抵押可获得性的农村金融工具创新,是土地资本化的改革路径选择。

Rural land capitalization is a crucial institutional invention to improve financial income of farmers and agricultural operation efficiency and to establish a long- lasting mechanism to increase farmers＇ income. Vague property right of rural land and stringent control on the use of rural land deprived farmers＇ fight of developing their land. Existing laws limit the possibility for farmers to expand production and increase income by using land equity financing. These are obstacles to capitalize rural land. Therefore, in the comprehensive urban and rural reform, the reform path for rural land capitalization is as follows： rural collective property right should be realized; the cost of land use control can be compensated by the discounts of land development right; the collateral of rural land use right can be used to financial innovation.