农民工子女受教育困境挑战教育公平

Education Predicament of Migrant Workers' Children Challenging Education Equality

与农民工相伴而产生的一个社会问题是农民工子女义务教育阶段受教育困境问题。据国家统计资料显示,随父母进城的流动儿童有700—800万人,留守在家儿童2200多万人。留守在家的无人管,流动进城的上学难。调查显示,流动儿童的失学率高达9.3%,一直未上学的占6.85%,失学的占2.45%。农民工子女上学困境对我国义务教育法中"适龄儿童、少年依法享有平等接受义务教育的权利"的教育公平理念提出了严峻的挑战。其深层原因有:对农民工现象的长期性和重要性认识不足;城乡二元分割结构体制;法律制度不完善;农民工自身素质低维权意识差。解决的出路在于:让农民工子女进城上学;实行"义务教育补助卡"制度,改户籍入学为"居住地入学";将接收农民工子女入学纳入城市学校考核体系;政府给予农民工子女学校以倾斜政策,支持其尽快发展。

Increase of migrant labors brings about education predicament of migrant workers＇ children. A state statistical data indicates that there are about 7 to 8 million migrant children and over 22million children have been left behind in rural villages when their parents seek employment in rural environs which results in that fact that lack of care of left behind children in rural villages and difficulty of migrant children in urban environs. Education predicament of migrant workers＇ children severely challenges education equality concept in China＇ s compulsory education law for the following reasons： people＇s permanent misunderstanding of the importance of the migrant worker phenomenon; the system separating rural population from urban population; imperfect legal systems; low quality and weak sense of legal protection of migrant labors. The relevant countermeasures are as follows： allowing migrant labors＇ children to be educated in urban areas; implementing the system of compulsory education subsidy cards; switching household registration school entrance to residence school entrance; bringing education of migrant workers＇ children into the system to assess urban schools; government＇s favorable policies toward schools for migrant workers＇ children.