用大豆分离蛋白和肉骨粉代替鱼粉对虹鳟生产性能和非特异性免疫指标的影响

Effects of partial replacement of fishmeal with soy protein isolated and meat bone meal on growth and non-specific immunity in rainbow trout

研究了饲料中用大豆分离蛋白和肉骨粉代替鱼粉对虹鳟Oncorhynchus mykiss生长和免疫指标的影响。试验共分3个处理组（G1、G2和G3组），饲料中添加鱼粉的质量分数分别为30％、20％和10％，剩余部分由大豆分离蛋白和肉骨粉代替。每组设3个重复，每个重复放鱼80尾，虹鳟的体重为：G1组（33．57±3．23）g、G2组（33．59±2．98）g、G3组（33．60±2．89）g。试验期间，水温为12．5-16．5℃，溶解氧为7．8-10mg／L，每天饲喂2次，试验共进行8周。结果表明：试验结束时，虹鳟的终体重、体长、肥满度、特定生长率、饵料系数和日增重各处理组间的差异均不显著（P〉0．05）；与G1组相比，G2和G3组鱼血浆和肝脏中碱性磷酸酶（AKP）的活性显著升高（P〈0．05），G3组鱼肝脏中溶菌酶的活性显著降低（P〈0．05）．G2、G3组鱼脾中超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）和肾脏中过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性显著降低（P〈0．05）。试验还表明，饲料中用1：1的大豆分离蛋白和肉骨粉代替10％-20％鱼粉．不会影响虹鳟的生产性能。

The effects of replacement of fish meal with soy protein isolated and meat bone meal on growth performance and immunity in juvenile rainbow trout （ Oncorhynchus mykis） were studied at water temperature of 12.5 - 16.5 ℃, and dissolved oxygen content of about 7.8 - 10 mg/L. The fish were stocked into fiberglass tanks with a diameter of 90 cm and a height of 45 cm at a rate of 30 individuals per tank with triplication and fed the diets containing 30% fishmeal（G1 ）, 20% fishmeal（G2） and 10% fishmeal （G3） supplemented with different levels of soy protein isolated and meat bone meal twice a day to satiation for 8 weeks. The results showed that there were no significant differences in body weight, body length, condition factor, special growth rate（ SGR）, food conversion ratio （FCR） and daily weight gain among the treatments（ P 〉 0.05 ）. The fish in G2 and G3 had significantly higher plasma and liver alkaline phosphatase （AKP） than the fish in GI （P 〈 0.05 ）. Liver lysozyme in G3 decreased significantly（P 〈0.05）and spleen superoxide dismutase （SOD） and kidney catalase （CAT） decreased significantly in G2 and G3 （ P 〈 0.05 ）, indicating that the growth performance and immunify of rainbow trout were not influenced by replacement of 10% - 20% fishmeal with soy protein isolated and meat bone meal（ 1 ： 1 ）.