思想的争锋——中国思想发展史上的大论辩(1901—1919)

Confrontation of Ideas: the Ideological Debate in China's Thought History between 1901 and 1919

1901年到1919年是中国近代思想发展的一个过渡时期。辛亥革命的根本目标是要建立资产阶级的民主共和国,围绕这一主线,思想界发生了巨大的变化。首先,是对中国传统的天命观和封建礼教的批判,这一批判又涉及对孔子的评价。其次,是对中国国民性的改造,梁启超、麦孟华等对奴隶性的批判,最早提出要树立国民意识,而要树立一种新的国民意识,又涉及科学、无神论与有神论的斗争以及文化革新方针的争论。再次,孙中山的三民主义思想对资产阶级民主革命的任务进行了全面的论述。

In the transition period of China's modem thought between 1901 and 1919, great changes took place in the realm of thought centered on the fundamental goal of 1911 Revolution of establishing a bourgeois democratic republic. First, the criticism was targeted to the view of fatality and the feudalistic ceremony in Chinese traditional thought, which involved the evaluation of Confucius.Second, the reform of the national characteristics was put forward, including the criticism to slavish character made by Liang Qichao and Mai Menghua who brought forward the idea of building up the national consciousness involving the debates between science and superstition, Atheism and Theism, and the controversy on the policies of the cultural innovation. Finally, Sun Yat-Sen's Three Principles of the People clarified the thought of the bourgeois democratic revolution.