试析汉代礼教中的女子教育观

On the Educational Outlook of Females in the Ethical Code of the Han Dynasties

礼教是影响中国古代社会妇女在家庭生活、社会生活中形象、地位的重要因素。但是,由于礼教在不同历史时期宣传内容的重点不尽相同。所以它对不同时代妇女的影响也有差异。两汉时代礼教对女子的教育虽都以品性教育为主,但其中也包含有文化教育的内容,并且品性教育的内容基本都以贞节与顺从教育为重点。然而不同的是,无论是以贞节观、顺从观为主的品性教育,还是以诗书为主的文化教育,其在西汉时代比在东汉时代都表现得要较为宽松与开明;而这恰是两汉时代女性形象及地位存在差异的主要原因。

Ethical code is an important factor in affecting females＇ image and status in the family life and social life in ancient Chinese society. However, because of the variations in the publicity of the content of ethical code in different periods of history, the influence of ethical code upon women was different to women of different times. Although the education of females focused on education of quality, the cultural education should be included as well. Furthermore, the content of education of quality featured chastity and submissiveness. Nonetheless, what was different was that it was more relaxed and enlightening in the Western Han Dynasty than in the Eastern Han Dy- nasty regardless of education of quality featuring chastity and submissiveness, or regardless of cultural education featuring the Book of Songs and the Book of History.