短时高温暴露对B型烟粉虱和温室白粉虱存活以及生殖适应性的影响

Effects of Brief Exposure to High Temperature on Survival and Fecundity of Two Whitefly Species: Bemisia tabaci B-biotype and Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae)

【目的】研究短时高温暴露对B型烟粉虱和温室白粉虱成虫存活和生殖适应性影响的差异。【方法】将B型烟粉虱和温室白粉虱的成虫在不同温度(37℃、39℃、41℃、43℃、45℃)下暴露1h后比较两种粉虱存活、产卵量、后代存活情况的变化以及两者的差异。【结果】随着暴露温度的升高,B型烟粉虱成虫的存活率从99.1%下降到42.6%,温室白粉虱成虫的存活率从95.0%下降到13.5%。两种粉虱雌雄虫在45℃高温暴露1h后,B型烟粉虱成虫的寿命超过10d,而温室白粉虱成虫存活的时间不足24h,存在显著差异。高温暴露对B型烟粉虱成虫的产卵量没有显著影响,但后代的存活率随着暴露温度的升高由70.7%下降到25.1%。温室白粉虱成虫在37～43℃暴露1h后雌虫产卵量由62.4粒下降到1.5粒,45℃暴露1h后停止了产卵活动;导致B型烟粉虱和温室白粉虱成虫后代50%和90%个体死亡的温度分别相差1.6℃和4.1℃。【结论】B型烟粉虱成虫的耐热性高于温室白粉虱,高温对B型烟粉虱成虫存活和生殖适应性的影响要小于温室白粉虱,这有利于B型烟粉虱种群在夏季高温季节的发生。B型烟粉虱和温室白粉虱对高温适应性存在差异尤其是高温对两者生殖适应性的影响是导致它们种群季节动态格局和分布存在差异的重要原因。

【Objective】The effects of brief exposure to high temperature on survival and fecundity of two whitefly species, Trialeurodes vaporariorum and Bemisia tabaci B-biotype （Homoptera： Aleyrodidae）, were studied to understand occasional changes in the biological characteristic of whitefly species encountered high temperature stress. 【Method】The survival rate, longevity, reproduction and survival rate from egg to adult of F1 progeny of B. tabaci B-biotype and T. vaporariorum were evaluated after the adults were exposed to 37, 39, 41, 43 and 45℃ for 1 hour in climatic incubators. 【Result】The survival rates of adults of both whitefly species decreased with the increase of temperature. Within the range of 37 to 45℃, the survival rate of B. tabaci B-biotype adults decreased from 99.1% to 42.6%, and T. vaporariorum adults varied from 95.0% to 13.5%. After exposure to 45℃ for 1 h, the longevity of both sexual adults of B. tabaci B-biotype exceeded 10 days, while all T. vaporariorum died in 24 h. The reproduction per female of B. tabaci B-biotype varied with the exposure temperature, but there were no significant differences between the treated and the control female individuals. However, the total survival rate from egg to adult of F1 progeny that produced by heated adults of B. tabaci B-biotype decreased from 70.7% to 25.1%.In the case of T. vaporariorum, the mean egg number of per T. vaporariorumfemale adult decreased from 62.4 to 1.5 within the range of 37℃ to 43℃ and the female adults ceased oviposition activity after exposure to 45℃ for 1 h. The total survival rate from egg to adult of F1 progeny that produced by adults of T. vaporariorum was significantly affected by experience of brief exposure to high temperature and the temperature that caused 50% and 90% F1 progeny individuals died exceed B. tabaci B-biotype by 1.6℃ and 4.7℃, respectively. 【Conclusion】There were significant differences between the two tested whitefly species in their adaptation to high temperature, and the heat tolerance of T. vaporariorum was significantly lower than that of B. tabaci B-biotype. The adults of B. tabaci B-biotype were found to be more adaptability to high temperature than that of T. vaporariorum in survival and fecundity, which could facilitate the population of B. tabaci B-biotype development in hot seasons. The adaptive divergence of tolerance to high temperature may be an important reason that leads to two whitefly species interspecific differentiation in seasonal dynamics and distribution in China.