不同碳水化合物对断奶仔猪生长性能和生化指标的影响

Effects of Different Carbohydrates on Growth Performance and Biochemical Parameters in Weaned Piglets

【目的】观察不同碳水化合物对断奶仔猪生长性能和生化指标的影响,为筛选更廉价的碳水化合物原料用于断奶仔猪日粮提供试验依据。【方法】选用28日龄断奶三元杂交仔猪(体重8.0Kg±0.1Kg)120头,采用随机区组法分为5个处理,分别为对照组、葡萄糖组、蔗糖组、乳糖组和玉米淀粉组。对照组日粮为玉米-豆粕型基础日粮,其余4个处理组分别用6%的葡萄糖、蔗糖、乳糖和玉米淀粉替代基础日粮中6%的玉米,试验期为28d。测定各处理仔猪的全期生长性能;并于试验最后一天每个公仔猪重复中随机抽取1头,采血分离血清,测定血清生化指标,处死后取小肠粘膜测定二糖酶活性。【结果】葡萄糖组母仔猪的平均日增重显著高于蔗糖组(P<0.05);乳糖组母仔猪的料重比显著低于对照组、葡萄糖组和蔗糖组(P<0.05),极显著低于玉米淀粉组(P<0.01)。不论在十二指肠还是空肠,乳糖组的乳糖酶活性均显著高于对照组和蔗糖组(P<0.05),极显著高于葡萄糖组和玉米淀粉组(P<0.01);乳糖组和玉米淀粉组的麦芽糖酶活性无显著差异(P>0.05),但均显著高于其它3组(P<0.05);对照组、蔗糖组和玉米淀粉组的蔗糖酶活性均显著高于葡萄糖组和乳糖组(P<0.05)。蔗糖组血糖浓度显著高于玉米淀粉组(P<0.05),血钙浓度显著高于对照组和玉米淀粉组(P<0.05)。其他指标在各组间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。【结论】葡萄糖可以替代或部分替代乳糖添加于断奶仔猪日粮中,而蔗糖或玉米淀粉不宜单独添加于断奶仔猪日粮中。

【Objective】To observe the effects of different carbohydrates on growth performance and biochemical parameters in weaned piglets for selecting cut-price carbohydrate resource used in the diet. 【Method】 One hundred and twenty Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire piglets weaned at 28 days of age were randomly assigned to one of 5 treatment groups representing supplementation with corn （control group, CR）, lactose （LAC）, sucrose （SUC）, glucose （GLU） and cornstarch （CS） at 6 percent of the total diet, respectively, to maize- and soybean meal-based diets. The experiment lasted twenty-eight days. Body weights and feed intakes were measured at the beginning and end of the trial. At the end of the experiment, the blood sample was collected from a male piglet from each replication for biochemical parameters assay, and then it was slaughtered to obtain duodenum and jejunum tissues for assay of disaccharidase activities. 【Result】ADG of gilts in GLU group was higher （P〈0.05） compared with the SUC group; F/G of gilts in LAC group was lower than those of CR, GLU, SUC groups （P〈0.05） and CS group （P〈0.01）. The activities of lactase induodenum and jejunum chymes, in LAC group were higher compared with the control and SUC groups （P〈0.05）, and GLU and CS groups （P〈0.01）; there was no significant difference in maltase activity between the LAC and CS group （P〉0.05）, but both higher （P〈0.05） than those of the other 3 groups; the sucrase activities in the CR, SUC and CS groups were higher （P〈0.05） compared with the GLU and LAC groups. In SUC group, the serum glucose concentration was higher （P〈0.05） than that in CS group, and the serum Ca2＋ concentration was higher （P〈0.05） than those in CR and CS groups. There were no significant differences for other indexes among each group （P〉0.05）. 【Conclusion】Glucose could be used to substitute for lactose completely or partly in the diet for weaned piglet,while sucrose or cornstarch not be used singly in the diet.