实行过限之构成及其判定标准

Study on the Constitution and Criterion of Excessive Crime

在实行过限状态下,存在两个犯罪行为:基本行为和过限行为。基本行为的构成要件为:共犯关系、实行行为、实行故意;过限行为的构成要件为:行为主体的同一性、时空场域的密接性、主观犯意的超出性。实行过限的判定标准应当有不同的等级层次。在立法领域,应当坚持超出共同故意说,此为一般判定标准;在司法领域,应当坚持实质改变说,此为具体判定标准。

There exist two criminal offences under the state outside a joint enterprise： a basic behavior and an excessive behavior. The constitutive elements of the former include ： a relationship of complicity, a constitutive act and a constitutive intent. The latter enclose： an identical actor, a close -knit scene and a different intent. It is suggested that the criteria should be hierarchical to decide whether an offence is outside a joint enterprise. That is, in-the area of legislation a doctrine of excessive intent （general criterion） should be adopted as well as in the area of judiciary a doctrine of substantive change （specific criterion） should be adopted.