论两汉的“歌诗”与“诗”

On the Poems for Singing and the Poetry in the Han Dynasty

汉代诗歌的发展明确显示出从"歌诗"到"诗"的演进轨迹,而文人五言诗是脱离音乐独立存在的文学样式。一、汉代人有作歌言志言情的传统,歌是汉代歌诗的早期形式,其后则为乐府歌诗。二、西汉和东汉前期可称四言诗为"诗",因四言是《诗经》的主要形式,而五言诗及其它诗式不能称为"诗"。三、五言诗的起源与新声杂曲有关,故称五言为杂诗,南朝王融、江淹杂体诗也是指五言诗。四、文学史认为第一首文人五言诗是班固的《咏史》诗,其实此诗初无题名,只是"歌诗"。五、文人五言诗大约起源于东汉桓灵之际。

The development of ancient Chinese poetry demonstrated an evolution process from songs to poems clearly in the Han dynasty. Scholar’s poetry with a pattern of five-character line was a literary genre that existed independently and developed from the music songs. So, the following view points are given in the paper. Firstly, Chinese people had a tradition of making songs to express ambitions and feelings in the Han dynasty, which were named as Han Yuefu songs. Secondly, the poetry pattern of four-character line could be called as poetry in the western Han dynasty and the early period of the eastern Han dynasty, for which was the main form of odes in the‘Book of Songs’(《诗经》);while the pattern of five-character line and other poetry patterns could not be called in that way. Thirdly, the origin of the poetry pattern of five-character line was related to those new Zaqu lyrics, which had been called as miscellaneous poetry'Zashi'. The miscellaneous poems created by Mr. Wang Rong and Mr. Jiang Yan in the South dynasty were also in a pattern of five-character line. Fourthly, Mr. Ban Gu who wrote some intoning poems was taken as the first scholar who created the poems in the pattern of five-character line in literature history. But, that type of poem has not been named yet. Fifthly, literati's poetry in the pattern of five-character line was originated in the eastern Han dynasty from the time of King Huan to the time of King Ling.