孕晚期妇女贫血对妊娠结局的影响及贫血因素分析

Effect of anemia on pregnant outcome and the risk factors of anemia In the third trimester

目的:了解孕妇的贫血患病现状及其影响因素,探讨贫血对妊娠结局的影响。方法:对5308名孕产妇的年龄、文化程度、居住地、血红蛋白(Hb)及妊娠结局进行回顾性调查分析。结果:孕晚期妇女的贫血患病率为59.5%。贫血组的新生儿平均体重明显降低(P<0.01)。贫血组与非贫血组的LBW发生率无明显差异,但中度贫血组LBW发生率明显高于非贫血组。贫血组手术性分娩率明显高于非贫血组。孕妇的贫血率为农村高于城市;不同文化程度组的贫血患病率明显不同。结论:我国孕晚期妇女有近60%患有贫血,与不良妊娠结局有关;居住地、教育水平对孕妇的贫血患病率有影响。

Objective： To describe the prevalence of anemia in pregnant Chinese women and association with pregnancy outcomes and determine the risk factors of anemia. Methods： 5308 pregnant women aged 20-39 years old in the third trimester at labor were recruited from 5 centers including three rural areas and two cities in China. Hb 〈110 g/L was considered as anemia and Hb≤100 g/L as severe anemia. Low birth weight （LBW） was defined as〈2500 g and preterm delivery as a pregnancy during of〈37 wk. The data of the resident place, professional, education and living levels was collected. Results： The prevalence of anemia was 59.5% in the third trimester. Compared with non-anemia group, average birth weight of babies in anemia group was significantly decreased （P〈0.01） . The percentage of LBW was significantly different between severely anemic （6.35%） and non-anemic women （4. 58% ）, but the difference between anemic and non-anemic women was not significant. The rate of impaired delivery was 46. 00% in anemia and 40.99% in non-anemia group （P〈0.01） . Prevalence of anemia in rural areas （65.2%） was higher than that in cities （49.8%） . The prevalence of anemia showed that rates of 52. 51%, 58.02%, 60. 77% were found in a sequence of college, secondary and primary education, which had a significant difference respectively （P〈0.05） . Conclusion： A high prevalence of anemia is observed in pregnant women just before delivery which is associated with poor pregnancy outcome. Factors associated with anemia during pregnancy are the resident place, educational status.