从民主选举到民主参与--和谐农村建构的政治基础

From Democratic Election to Democratic participation:The Political Foundation of Harmonious Society Construction in Rural China

自村民自治实行以来,常规的村委会选举已经顺利完成了多届,村委会选举已经一定程度上成为农村政治架构中的一个稳定制度。但民主选举还仅仅是村民自治的艰难一步,民主决策、民主管理和民主监督等其他自治内容亟待跟进。四个民主在逻辑上和实践上都需要齐头并进而不是有先有后,只有全方位的民主参与才能够巩固既有的民主成果。村民的利益有分化,奢望村民全体一事一议的参与模式难以奏效,难免造成参与冷漠的现象。在公共权威有意识指导下的部分利益攸关者的参与,有望成为实质性民主推进的有效途径。

Since village election and self-government were implemented, regular election has been conducted several times and village committee election has been established as a steady system in rural areas in China. However, the democratic election is just the first step and other contents of self governance of villagers need to be strengthened, such as, democratic decision making, management and supervision. The four aspects should be paid the equal attention by researchers and practitioners. Maintaining the democratic fruits needs comprehensive participation. The different interests of villagers and full participation of everything are not only ineffective but also lead to the misunderstanding of the participation indifference. Under the guiding of public authority, participation of the parts stake holding villagers is a promising approach to promote the development of villagers self-governance in rural are as in China.