胚胎干细胞移植治疗帕金森病

Embryonic Stem Cell Transplantation Therapy in Parkinson’s Disease

胚胎干细胞起源于植入前胚胎的内细胞团(innercell mass,ICM),能够在体外进行增殖并能分化成三个胚层的所有细胞类型。如果能有效地将胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cell,ES细胞)诱导分化为特定的细胞类型,ES细胞将成为细胞替代治疗中供体细胞的一个理想来源,从而可以应用于帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)、糖尿病、心肌梗死等的退行性病变疾病的治疗。近年来,将ES细胞来源的多巴胺能神经元用于PD治疗的研究越来越广泛。现对这些研究中有关基因表达调控、实验研究进展、临床应用以及所遇到的问题作一综述。虽然这些研究还没能最终大面积应用于临床,但为PD的治疗提供了一个广阔的应用前景。

Since the murine embryonic stem cells were isolated in 1981, embryonic stem （ES） cell can be harvested from the rodents, the rabbits, the swines and human. The first derivation report of human ES cell in 1998 provoked the field of human ES cell research. ES cell are derived of the inner cell mass of the early embryon, they can proliferate infinitely in vitro while retaining the ability to differentiate into all somatic cells. Although this field is only in its infancy, human ES cell represent a theoretically inexhaustible source of precursor cells that could be differentiated into any cell types to treat the degenerative diseases such as the diabetes, Parkinson＇ s disease, Alzheimer＇ s disease, spinal cord injury, heart failure, and bone marrow failure. In recent years, the therapy research of the Parkinson＇s disease using dopaminergic neuron derived of ES cell is extensively more and more. This review updates the gene expression, the progression of empirical study, the clinical application and the problems encountered of these researches. Although these researches has not be utilized in clinic in large areas, they provided a wide application perspective for the therapy of the Parkinson＇s disease.