河南织机洞旧石器遗址的洞穴堆积和沉积环境分析

Analysis of the Cave Deposits and the Sediment Environment on the Zhijidong Paleolithic Cave Site, Henan Province

MIS3阶段晚期是末次冰期中一个气候比较温暖的间冰阶,当时人类活动相当活跃,在世界各地这一时期的人类文化遗址不仅数量多,而且文化面貌也发生明显的变化。织机洞遗址是一处以旧石器时代中晚期为主的洞穴遗址,洞穴中堆积地层可以划分为四层:下部含丰富的打制石器称下文化层,属旧石器中晚期;中部不含石器;上部含少量打制石器称中文化层,属旧石器晚期;顶部含有裴李岗和秦汉时期的文化遗存称上文化层,属全新世时期。根据光释光年代测定,文化遗存最为丰富的下文化层,年龄为距今3·5—5万年,相当于MIS3阶段的中晚期,正处于"旧石器晚期革命"的前夕。孢粉分析结果表明,下文化层所处的MIS3阶段气候比较温暖湿润,为暖温带草原-疏树草原环境,良好的气候环境有利于当时古代人类的生存与繁衍。

The phase of Marine oxygen Isotope Stage 3 （MIS3） is a warm interglacial step in the Last Glacial. Human activity was very active at that time. There were many of human sites and dramatic changing culture feature all over the world. It was just at the beginning of ＂ later Paleolithic revolution＂. Zhijidong cave site was one of cave deposits, which contains mainly late Paleolithic culture remains. Zhijidong strata can be divided into four parts. Its bottom contains a lot of stone tools, and it was called bottom culture layer, which belonged to late Pleistocene. The middle part of the deposits had no stone tools. There were a few stone tools in the upper profile, which was called as middle culture layer. It also belonged to late Pleistocene. It contained Peiligang and Qin to Han dynasty culture remains in the top part. The bottom culture layer had the most rich culture remains, and it was 40 ka BP to 50 ka BP. It was just at the phase of MIS 3. It showed us a relative warmhumid temperate grassland-sparse forest grassland climate in this area by spore-pollen statistics. Benign climate is suit for the ancient＇s survival and breeding.