论冯友兰清代学术史观

On Feng You-lan's Thoughts about the Academic History of the Qing Dynasty

清代学术持续两百余年,介于宋明学术与现代学术之间,处于中国学术从古代走向现代的前现代阶段,成为中国古代哲学史与学术史的最后形态。清代学术作为一个过渡性的阶段,历来被认为是一个有学术而无思想的时代。作为一位在中国古代学术史研究领域成就斐然的学者,冯友兰从"纯哲学"的角度,对有清一代的哲学史和学术史进行了总结与评价。其中,他与大多数人一样,都认为清代汉学在哲学思想上贡献无多,其方法学亦失之烦琐冗长。但是,实际上,清代学术除了在方法学上有其科学性之外,在其哲学义理与经世意向这两方面都有着丰富而深刻的蕴含。清代汉学代表着一种不同于前人的思想形态和研究范式的诞生,仅仅从宋明道学的立场和"纯哲学"的哲学史范式,不足以管窥清代哲学思想之全貌。

Feng You-lan was an important scholar in the field of the academic history of the Qing Dynasty. With vision of “pure philosophy”, Feng tried to summarize and revaluate the philosophy and academic history of the Qing Dynasty clearly.As other scholars ,he din not only think the Qing Dynasty sinology contributes much to philosophical thought,but also its methodology was very troublesome.But,in fact,the Qing Dynasty learning contains rich philosophy thought as well as its science in methodology.The Qing Dynasty sinology represents one kind of new typical thought and its pattern different from the predecessors.This essay considers that Feng You-lan＇s Neo-Confucianism standpoint and the history model of “pure philosophy”cannot reveal completely the Qing Dynasty philosophy.