上诉审纠错功能的法律思考——以法院层级关系为分析视角

Thinking about the Making Corrections Function of the Trial of Appeal——From the rank relationship of court

法院层级关系的类型直接决定了上诉审的功能定位,亦直接影响到了案件的上诉率及法院判决的权威。在科层制法院层级关系中,上诉审的纠错功能定位虽然具有一定的依据,但其亦存在无法克服的内在理论缺陷,会对司法实践造成巨大的负面影响。在协作制的法院层级关系中,由于各级法院只是权力分工不同,不存在高低之分,所以上诉审不具备纠错审的定位条件。上诉审功能的理想定位应当是通过吸纳当事人的不满而将相关争议控制在司法体系之内解决,从而在根本上维护司法系统的权威,法院对案件的再次审理不过是对原审判决进行验算而已。

The type of the rank relationship of court not only directly decides the function of the trial of appeal, but also affects the rate of appeal and court authority, Although the making corrections function of the trial of appeal has some reasons according to the theory of the model of administrational rank, it also has much limitation in theory which can＇t be surmount and may bring great negative influence to judicial practice. In the relationship of the model of collaboration courts on different level distinguish from each other not in the judicial power but in work, so there is no foundation for the making corrections function of the trial of appeal. The suitable function of the trial of appeal should be ensuring that disputes shall be settled inside of the judicial system through accepting and assimilating litigant＇ s discontentment. Another trial is only a checking for the last judgment.