大棚番茄生长发育与棉铃虫危害的模拟模型研究

A SIMULATION MODEL OF TOMATO GROWTH AND Helicoverqa armigera FORAGING STRUCTURE

根据1993～1994年大田资料建立了塑料大棚番茄的生长发育动态模型和棉铃虫Helicoverpaarmigera（Hubner）取食为害模型。动态模拟了番茄的净光合产量和各器官的干物质消长，以及植株的形态建成和产量形成过程。模型把番茄繁殖器官的脱落按其成因归纳为生理的、环境的及病虫害引起的脱落，容易与棉铃虫取食为害模型偶联。棉铃虫对番茄的取食为害模型揭示了第一代、第二代棉铃虫取食不同时期番茄各发育阶段的繁殖器官的组成和数量以及其中的脱落量。番茄蕾、花和小果在试验条件下被棉铃虫为害后分别具有超越补偿、完全补偿和部分补偿的能力。为此在模型中设立了补偿系数，反映番茄的真实损失量。本文的番茄生长发育模型和棉铃虫取食模型，与棉铃虫种群动态模型相偶联，即构建成番茄-棉铃虫管理系统的基本部分。

A growth and development simulation medel of plastic-covered tomato, and aforaging structure model of tomato fruitworms, Heiccoerpo armtw (Hubner), have beenestablished based on field experimental data of 1993 and 1994. Net photosynthesis rate, drymatter accumulating of each plant orgen, construction of morphology and product yielding arepredicted. The causes of shedding of the bud, flower and fruit are summed up as physiologicaldrop, bad enviroment conditions and pest damage, and fuly analysed so that they can be con-veniently coupled with the tomato fruitworm foraging model.The quantities and the components of the tomato reproductive organs (bud, flower andfruit)damaged by the fruitworms in different instars of the 1st and 2nd generations are de-scribed in the fruitworm foraging model. The foraging behavior changes in accordance with thedevelopmental stages of the tomato plant in different seasons. Under the field experimentalcondition, exceeded, completed and partial compensation are observed respectively, whensome tomato buds, flowers and small fruits are damaged by fruitworms. Compensation coeffi-cients are set in the model to reveal the plant's capacity of compensation.Used as an interface, the fruitworm foraging model can link the tomato simulation modeland the tomato fruitworm population dynamic medel to establish a tomato-pest managementsystem.