微生物细胞传感器在环境监测中的应用研究进展

APPLICATION OF MICROBIAL CELL-BASED BIOSENSORS IN ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING

微生物细胞传感器是以微生物细胞作为生物敏感元件,可以感应环境中的总毒性以及各类污染物,从而实现快速监测的目的。关于该领域的研究报道越来越多,随着研究的不断发展,该项技术日趋成熟,从开始的仅仅在环境总毒性监测方面的应用,发展到能够特异性地检测多种污染物,如重金属类(Hg、Cd、As、Pb、Cu、Ag、Ni等)、有机污染物类(苯系物质、PAHs、酚类物质等)、抗生素类(四环素、β-内酰胺等)以及N、P类营养元素等等。由于微生物细胞自身的一些特点,使得其在环境监测领域具有非常显著的特点和优势,特别是在检测污染物的生物有效性方面,同时该技术可以满足环境监测中原位、快速、低耗的需要,所以其在环境监测领域必将得到越来越广泛的应用。本文重点综述了微生物细胞传感器在环境监测中的一些应用研究进展,并展望了其未来的发展趋势。

Microbial cell-based biosensors take microorganism cells for biological sense organs, which are capable of quickly sensing and/or detecting total toxicity and various kinds of pollutants in the environment. More and more reports in this field have been published. With the rapid progress of the research, this technique has become more and more mature. At first, it could only monitor total toxicity of the environment with the aid of bioluminescent bacteria, and now it can be used to detect specifically various kinds of pollutants, including heavy metals （such as Hg, Cd, As, Pb, Cu, Ag, and Ni）, organic pollutants （such as benzene, toluene, and PAHs）, antibiotics （such as tetracycline, β-1actams）, and even nutrient elements （such as nitrogen, phosphorus）. Because of the characteristics of microorganism cells, this technology shows significant advantages and remarkable potentiality in the field of environmental monitoring, especially in detecting the bioavailability of pollutants. It can be used as an effective tool in in-situ environmental monitoring, quick and low in cost. So it can be expected that the technology will find more extensive application in environmental monitoring. A review of advancements in application of Microbial cell-based biosensors to environmental monitoring is presented and its future trends are also discussed.