辽河三角洲湿地的景观格局分析

ANALYSIS ON LANDSCAPE PATTERNS OF LIAOHE DELTA WETLAND

利用遥感、GIS手段对辽河三角洲湿地景观的格局与异质性进行研究，结果表明，研究区空间格局的基本构型以大斑块为主体，破碎化程度较低，基本呈聚集型分布。构成景观主体的是稻田景观、苇田景观和滩涂景观，尤以稻田景观为最。聚集度指数人工湿地为0．924．自然湿地次之为0．897，半自然湿地为0．870。整个研究区共有斑块1213个，最大斑块为1401．38km2，最小斑块只有0．394km2。其间相差3600余倍，表明斑块在大小上变异很大。斑块形状较为规则，同类型斑块间的差异较小，自我相似性较好，从这一角度来说，研究区景观的总体构型较为规整且有章可循。密集的廊道体系是研究区景观的重要特色之一。随着人类干扰强度增加，景观多样性下降，优势度增高。

In this essay we studied the landscape patterns and its heterogeneity of the LiaoheDelta with the help of Remote sensing and GIS. The result showed that the study area wascomposed of large patches mainly distributed in clusters. The main components of the land-scape are paddy field, weed field and beach, and the paddy field is the most important oneThe contagion indices of artificial wetland, natural wetland and semi-natural wetland were0. 924, 0. 897 and 0. 870, respectively. There were 1213 patches in the studied region, andthe largest one was 1401. 38 km2, which was 3600 times of the smallest one (0. 394 km2).This showed that the difference of patch areas was very large. The shapes of patches were reg-ular in the area, and the difference of patches in the same type was very small. A concentratedcorridor system was another characteristic of the area. With the increasing disturbances, thelandscape diversity decreased and the domnaced increased.