国家实验室的管理体制和运行机制分析与建构

The comparison and constitution of the management system and operation mechanism of national laboratory

国家实验室在我国是新生事物,是国家重点实验室体系框架中的核心部分,代表国家在相关领域科技自主创新的实力和水平。文中在阐明美国国家实验室发展历程基础上,分析了美国国家实验室的管理体制和运行机制。论述了我国国家实验室的地位和作用,分析了国家实验室构成的三要素,提出体制机制模式构建的五项原则,着重研究了国家实验室的管理体制和运行机制,包括合同管理制、主任负责制、聘任制与聘期制、开放与流动、创新团队建设、绩效考核与评估、竞争与激励、合作与联合、资源和信息共享、产学研合作等,以期对我国国家实验室的建设提供借鉴与参考。

The national laboratory is a newly emerging thing in China. It is the essential part of the national key laboratory system and represents the national innovation potential in Chinese science and technology field. The status quo and function of the na- tional laboratory as well as its integration is discussed and the management system and the operation mechanism of American na- tional laboratories are summed up. Three constitutive elements and five principles for the national laboratory system are brought up. Further more, the management system and operation mechanism are studied in detail, including contract management system, director responsibility system, dynamic management for human resources, opening strategy, constitution of innovative research teams, performance management and appraisal, competition and stimulation, cooperation and alliance, the share of scientific resource and information, production - education - research cooperation, and so on. All of these are expected to use for references for the establishment of national laboratories.