流域生态健康评价理论与方法研究进展

Progress on Theories and Methods of Watershed Eco—health Assessment

对流域进行生态健康评价,将为流域的规划、管理和保护以及流域综合治理提供决策依据。本文回顾了国内外流域生态健康评价的历史和现状,着重阐述了流域生态系统健康评价的尺度与方法。流域生态系统健康评价主要有两种方法:一是生物监测法,二是指标体系法。对流域进行生态健康评价,重点在于建立评价指标体系。流域生态健康评价的指标体系应该包括生物、水质、水文、栖息地、社会经济和人类健康等六方面指标。最后,明确指标选取的基本原则,并指出了目前流域生态健康评价存在的问题及今后的研究趋势。

Watershed ecosystem is a social-economic-natural complex ecosystem. Watershed ecohealth assessment can help watershed layout, protection and comprehensive management, and can provide basis for decision-making. In this paper, the concept and characteristics of watershed eco-heahh are introduced, and the history, current condition and research scale of watershed eco- health assessment are put forward. The assessment should be carried out from broad temporalspatial scales. This research summarizes methods of watershed eco-health assessment in the past years both at home and abroad. There are two main methods： one is biological assessment and the other is indices assessment. It should be careful in selecting bio-indicator species because the sensitivity and reliability of species need to be considered simuhaneously. The indices should include six categories： bio-assessment, water condition assessment, hydrological assessment, habitat assessment, social-economic assessment and human health assessment. Every category has some relative indices. Because of the complexity of watershed ecosystem, the measures of watershed eco-health indices are difficult sometimes. The measurement methods should be further developed. Ecosystem restoration is needed for those unhealthy watershed ecosystems and methods of it are introduced. Watershed eco-health assessment is a developing theory system and there are some problems that should be further discussed in this field. Last, these problems and research trends in future are pointed out.