重庆市老年人高血压流行现状及其影响因素分析

Epidemic situation and influencing factors of hypertension among elderly population in Chongqing City

目的探讨重庆地区老年人高血压患病状况、影响因素及其与相关疾病的关系。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法，以社区（村）为单位，对我市有代表性的城乡5246人进行高血压及其相关因素和疾病抽样调查，对60岁以上老年人1143人进行分析总结。结果60岁以上高血压患病率为44．4％，城市高血压患病率明显高于农村（分别为54．0％和33．9％，P〈0．01）；男性为41．7％，女为46．9％，二者差异无统计学意义。城市、农村≥70岁组高血压患病率均高于60～69岁组；城市60～69岁、≥70岁组亦高于农村，差异有统计学意义（均为P〈0．01）。老年人高血压总知晓率、治疗率、控制率分别为57．1％、50．4％和15．2％，城市分别为71．3％、66．4％、22．5％，高于农村的32．1％、22．3％和2．2％，差异有统计学意义（均为P〈0．01）。体质量、年龄、体质指数、高脂血症、盐摄入量、糖尿病为高血压危险因素。随体质指数增加，高血压患病率增加，高脂血症、脑卒中、冠心病的老年患者高血压患病率增高。结论近年来重庆地区老年人高血压患病率呈上升趋势，高血压的知晓率、治疗率和控制率仍较低，尤其是农村。高血压与脑卒中、冠心病密切相关。积极开展社区综合防治工作，对老年人高血压的防治有重要意义。

Objective To study the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of hypertension among elderly population in Chongqing. Methods A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted. A total of 5246 subjects were selected with multistage cluster sampling, and there were 1143 subjects aged 60 years and over. Results The prevalence of hypertension in elderly population was 44.4%, and it was significantly higher in the urban than in the rural （54.0% vs. 33.9%, P〈0.01）, but similar between the male and the female （41.7% vs. 46.9%, P〉0.05）. The prevalence of hypertension the group aged 70 years and over was higher than that in the group aged 60- 70 years regardless of in the urban or in the rural （all P〈0.01）, and was higher in the urban than in the rural in both of 2 age groups. The total awareness, treatment and control rates were 57.1%, 50.4%, 15.2%, respectively, in which the rates in the urban were higher than those in the rural （71.3%, 66.4%, 22.5% vs. 32.1%, 22.3%, 2.2%,P〈0.01）. Bodyweight, age, body mass index （BMI）, hyperlipoidemia, high salt diet, diabetes mellitus （DM） were the risk factors for hypertension. The prevalence was increased with BMI increasing. Conclusions Hypertension is highly prevalent among elderly population in Chongqing. The rates of hypertension aware, treatment and control are unacceptably low, especially in rural area. Hypertension is related to the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Corresponding intervention measures should be taken to control the hypertension and reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.