近五年中国自然灾害空间分布格局及其月动态变化研究

REGIONAL PATTERNS AND MONTHLY CHANGES OF NATURAL DISASTERS IN CHINA DURING LAST FIVE YEARS

作者根据《中国减灾》所载１９９０～１９９４年月灾情记录，经统一编码和标准化处理，建立了以行政县为基本单元的数据库。进而对近五年来中国自然灾害空间分布及其月动态变化进行分析，并与１９４９～１９９０年中国自然灾害的平均状况进行对比。

According to the monthly disaster records reported by Journal of Disaster Reduction in China(1990～1994),the database was established on the county unit.On the basis of the database,the regional patterns and monthly changes of natural disasters in China during last five years were charted and analysed.The regional disaster patterns during 1990～1994 were compared with the disaster situation during 1949～1990 in China.The conclusions are as follows: a.The dominantly kinds of natural disasters were thunderstorm、hail、strong wind、flood、drought、earthquake、waterlogging、typhoon、tornado and snow cover in China.With comparing the order of dominantly kinds of natural disasters during 1949～1990,the controlling actions of flood、waterlogging、drought and diseases and insects in China have decreased distinctly during last five years,but thunderstorm、hail、strong wind and snow cover in China were increasing in the same periods. b.The natural disasters occurred mainly in June、July and August.The natural disasters frequency in the first half of a year was larger than that in the latter half of a year,and the former tends to increasing and the latter tends to decreasing. c.Regionalization of natural disasters in China (1990～1994) was proved again that the east west differentiation of the natural disasters was clearer than the north south differentiation,the regional distribution of natural disasters in China showed that natural disaster were spreading toward the middle and west area of China.The centers of serious natural disasters in China during 1990～1994 have been transfered.The center transformation of the regional patterns of natural disasters in China was mainly caused by the human development in high risk area and the global climate change impacts during the last five years.