汉语多义词“立”的认知语言学研究

A Cognitive Semantic Analysis of the Chinese Polysemous Word "Li"

认知语言学认为多义词(polysemy)各个义项之间的关系不是任意的,身体和思维及词义之间存在紧密联系,多义词的词义扩展源于人们在客观世界中的身体体验(embodied experience)。以汉语多义姿势动词"立"为研究对象,首先通过一项定量研究探索意象图式(image schema)对词义扩展的潜在理据作用,支持了多义词的义项扩展在一定程度上是以人们的身体体验为基础的论断;继而把中文"立"和英文stand进行对比研究,发现意象图式具有文化差异性,以及意象图式对不同语言中相同词汇的语义扩展方式具有影响。

Cognitive linguists believe that the various senses of a polysemous word are not arbitrarily related but interrelated. They stress the close link between human body and mind, and contribute the meaning extension to people＇s embodied experience in the world. This paper takes the Chinese posture verb ＂Li＂ （stand） as a case, and first explores into the motivation effect of image schema by conducting a quantitative study, suggesting that meaning extension is based on embodied experiences. Based on this, the paper compares the extension patterns of ＂Li＂ and ＂Stand＂ and finds out image schemas have cultural differenceS, which partly results in the difference in the extension direction of certain words in different languages.