美国行政法上案卷排他性原则分析

Analysis of the principle of files exclusivity of american administrative law

美国的案卷排他性原则起源于著名的第一摩根案件,该案确立"决定者必须听证"的原则,指出决定者只能以在听证中所确定的事实来作为决定的依据,而不能根据听证之外的事实材料。该原则司法审查中就体现为案卷是法官审查行政决定是否合法的唯一依据,即只能审查作决定当时考虑的相关事实,而不能把作决定之后新的事实、材料作为审查依据。

The principle of files exclusivity is originated in the famous first Morgan case, which established that ＂decision must be hearing＂, that decisions can only be based on the facts determined during the hearing but all factual material beyond hearing. Morever, the record, that is relevant facts considered at the time of decision-maklng but new facts after it, is the key point for the judge to review the administrative decision.