1Anto RJ, Mukhopadhyay A, Shishodia S, Gairola CG, Aggarwa BB. Cigarette smoke condensate activates nuclear transcription factor-кB through phosphorylation and degradation of IкBα:correlation with induction of cyclooxygenase-2. Carcinogenesis 2002;23: 1511-8.
2Meister A. Selective modification of glutathione metabolism.Science 1983;220: 472-7.
3Williamson JM, Boettcher B, Meister A. Intracellular cysteine delivery system that protects against toxicity by promoting glutathione synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1982;79: 6246-9.
4Feng L, Xia Y, Garcia GE, Hwang D, Wilson CB. Involvement of reactive oxygen intermediates in cyclooxygenase-2 expression induced by interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and lipopolysaccharide. J Clin Invest 1995;95: 1669-75.
5Guan Z, Buckman SY, Miller BW, Springer LD, Morrison AR.Interleukin-lbeta-induced cyclooxygenase-2 expression requires activation of both c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and p38 MAPK signal pathways in rat renal mesangial cells. J Biol Chem 1998;273: 28670-6.
6Subbaramaiah K, Chung WJ, Dannenberg AJ. Ceramide regulates the transcription of cyclooxygenase-2. Evidence for involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. J Biol Chem 1998;273: 32943-9.
7Huang CY, Chen JH, Tsai CH, Kuo WW, Liu JY, Chang YC.Regulation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase signaling in human osteosarcoma cells stimulated with nicotine. J Periodontal Res 2005;40: 176-81.
8Haber J, Wattles J, Crowley M, Mandell R, Joshipura K, Kent RL.Evidence for cigarette smoking as a major risk factor for periodontitis.J Periodontol 1993;64: 16-23.
9Bergstrom J, Eliasson SD, Dock J. Exposure to tobacco smoking and periodontal health. J Clin Periodontol 2000;27: 61-8.
10Tipton DA, Dabbous MKh. Effects of nicotine on proliferation and extracellular matrix production of human gingival fihroblasts in vitro. J Periodontol 1995;66: 1056-64.