普通小麦与中间偃麦草杂交后代花粉母细胞减数分裂行为的研究

MEIOTIC BEHAVIOUR OF POLLEN MOTHER CELL OF HYBRIDS BETWEEN COMMON WHEAT AND ELTRIGIA INTERMEDIA

远缘杂交是获得近缘种属优良基因和性状的重要方法[2].中间偃麦草具有抗锈病、白粉病、大麦黄叶病毒(BYDV)、根腐病及抗蚜、抗小麦蝇蚊、抗旱、耐寒、耐盐碱及高蛋白等许多有益基因.中间偃麦草是最早被选为小麦远缘杂交的优良亲本之一[3].本文通过对多个普通小麦与中间偃麦草杂交后代的花粉母细胞减数分裂行为进行观察及分析,揭示远缘杂交后代减数分裂行为的一些异常现象,例如大量二价体和多价体、染色体粘联、染色体断片、微核、四分孢子分裂异常等.这些异常现象的原因是远缘杂交的两个亲本间染色体组存在差异造成[6].可利用这一特点来研究两个亲本间的亲缘关系、新类型形成的可能性和遗传的稳定性.

Distant hybridization is an important way of gaining gene and a character of close genera. Eltrigia intermedia contain a lot of avalibility gene such as fight rust , powdery mildew, BYDV,foot rot, aphid, fly and mosquito of wheat, drough, tolerance cold, tolerance salt and high protein and so on. Eltrigia intermedia is one of the earliest choiceness parent of distant hybridization wheat. This paper observes and analyzes the meiotic behaviour of Pollen mother cell of hybrids between common wheat and Eltrigia intermedia , an open out some abnormal phenomena of meiotic behaviour of distant hybridization offspring. For example, a plenty of bivalent, multivalent, chromosome conglutination, chromosomal fragment, micronucleus, abnormal tetraspore and so on. The reason of phenomena is that the genomes of distant hybridization parent are different. We can use the character to research the kinship of both parent ,possibility of forming new kind and stability of genetic.