变速风力发电系统控制技术综述

Summary of control algorithms for variable-speed wind-power generation

基于某变速风力发电机的输出功率曲线,针对风力发电系统在中低风速时所具备的提高风能利用系数的潜能,对直驱式风力发电系统在中低风速时追踪最大风能所采取控制策略如功率搜索算法、最大功率控制小信号扰动法进行了详细的对比和论述,并可以看出后者利用小信号扰动法可以实现系统平均功率达到最大值,而且方法简单,易于实现;对双馈感应电机风力发电机系统的控制策略如基于气隙磁场定向的矢量控制策略、基于定子磁场定向的矢量控制策略进行了分析比较,可以发现二者都能实现有功和无功的解耦同时不需测风速,但后者模型更加简单。对智能控制在实现最大风能追踪中的应用进行了详细的比较研究。

Based on the output power curves of a variable- speed wind- power generation,different control strategies for tracing the maximum wind power at middle and low wind speed are presented, analyzed and compared. For directly-driven wind-power generating system,the power search method and small signal disturbance method are detailed. The small signal disturbance method is simple and easy in implementation to make the system average power maximum. For doubly- fed induction wind- power generating system,the vector control strategies based on air- gap field orientation and stator field orientation are detailed. Both can decouple active power from reactive power without measuring the wind speed,but the latter is simpler. The applications of intelligent control are also researched.