孙中山“国利民福”思想探析——革命党人情怀、目标和宗旨论

On Sun Yatsen's Idea of "National Interest and People's Welfare"——On revolutionaries' sentiment,aims and ideals

"国利民福"是民元至民二上半年这一特定历史时段的词汇,笼统地指近代民族国家的经济利益和人民的福利、幸福。它是孙中山对在清帝逊位后准备实行的民生主义的一种理论预期,也是他在分析实行民生主义的效果时提出来的一个概念。它既是革命党人的出发点和应有的情怀,又是革命党人追求的最终目标,甚至被上升为革命政党的主义或党德的高度,孙中山因此将他所从事的民主革命称为"国利民福革命"。由于"国利民福"中的"国"特指近代民族国家,即孙中山心目中真正的中华民国,当中华民国名存实亡时,"国利民福"就很少出现在孙中山的各类文本中。

Proposed between 1912 and the first half of 1913, the idea of “national interest and people＇s welfare” generally means national economic interest and people＇s welfare. It was not only a kind of theoretical ideal of Sun Yatsen＇s idea of people＇s livelihood which he prepared to implement after the abdication of the Emperor of Qing Dynasty but a concept proposed during his analysis of the result of the implementation. It was the start and sentiment of revolutionaries, the ultimate goal that they pursued and it was even promoted to the level of the party＇s principle and morals. Therefore, Sun Yatsen named his democratic revolution that of national interest and people＇s welfare. Since the nation refers to modern countries, i.e. , the real Republic of China in his heart, but it lacked specific historical conditions, the idea seldom appeared in his documents.